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Analyse
Compare the map of the ocean floor with the one on the right. Where are the seismic belts located?
At ocean ridges, next to ocean trenches and faults.
At ocean ridges, next to the rift and in faults.
At ocean ridges and next to ocean trenches and young mountain ranges.
Find the names of ten active volcanos or recent earthquakes. Does their location correspond with the map?
What is the Ring of Fire?
It s an area where most of the Earth's earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. It surrounds most of the Pacific Ocean and its seismic activity is caused by the subduction of oceanic plates under lighter continental plates.
It s an area where most of the Earth's earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. It surrounds most of the Atlantic Ocean and its seismic activity is caused by the subduction of oceanic plates under lighter continental plates.
It is the least area of the Earth with the east earthquakes and volcanic eruptions,. However, it was extremely active in the past.
It s an area where most of the Earth's earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. It surrounds most of the Pacific Ocean and its seismic activity is caused by plates moving away from each other.
Evaluate
All earthquakes on the Earth are detected relatively close to the surface. Why do you think they are not detected in the lower mantle or the core?
Understand
What are the similarities and differences between the photo below and lithospheric plates?
asthenosphere
lithosphere
lava
lithospheric plates
In the photo, we can see fragments of rock floating in a liquid (called ). We could say are also big fragments of rock, however they rest on the (which is solid but more flexible than the ).
Apply
Find out the names of the eight large plates shown in the map.
Macroplates
Microplacas
Categorise the eight large plates into oceanic, continental and mixed plates.
Oceanic
Continental
Mixed
Choose five pairs of plates and describe their movement relative to each other.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs the length of the Atlantic Ocean. What do you notice about the movement of the plates that lie along it?
What do you think the Atlantic Ocean was like 65 and 130 million years ago? What has happened since then?
180 million years ago the continents were much further apart than now. Then, through the process of sea-floor spreading, the were pushed super close to each other and finally pushed to their current position.
It was much wider than it is today, as the continents were further apart. Since then, new land has been destroyed in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge through sea-floor spreading, making the continents move closer to each other and the Atlantic Ocean shrink in size.
It was much narrower than it is today, as the continents were closer together. Since then, new land has been created in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge through sea-floor spreading, making the continents move further away from each other and the Atlantic Ocean grow in size.
Explain the geographical history of the Atlantic Ocean using the diagrams below.
The Atlantic Ocean began to form 180130 million years ago, as South AmericaNorth and South America separated from Africa and EuropeEurope. At the beginning it was widenarrow, but it slowly grew in size as new ocean floor was createddestroyed through the process of subtuctionsea-floor spreading in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
At ridges the plates move away from each other, this is a divergent boundary. At trenches we find convergent boundaries. What is the movement of the plates in convergent boundaries?
The pictures below show the process of subduction at an ocean trench. Look at the pictures and then answer the questions.
a) Where does the magma that feeds the volcano come from?
It comes from the subduction of the continental lithosphere under the oceanic lithosphere.
It comes from the subduction of two continental lithospheres.
It comes from the fusion of the upper side the oceanic lithosphere that is being subducted under the continental lithosphere.
b) What happens to the marine sediment that covers the ocean floor?
It is deposited at the borders of the continental lithosphere.
It is dragged by the moving plate and increasingly accumulates at the trench.
It is dragged by the oceanic lithosphere into the mantle.
The Andes Mountains contain many volcanoes such as Aconcagua. Use the illustrations below to describe how these volcanoes were formed.
They were formed from the collision of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate.
They were formed from the subduction of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate.
They were formed from the subduction of the African Plate under the South American Plate.
Look back at the map below. What are the differences between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Pacific's Ring of Fire?
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